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一変数の微積分
微分
01微分係数とは何か:接線の傾きとして定義する02割線から接線へ:極限による微分係数の定義031/x の導関数:先に約分、極限はそのあと041/x の接線と、面積がいつも2になる三角形05微分の記法とべき関数の微分公式問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/3
01瞬間の変化率としての導関数 ― 平均の速さの二倍02時間のない変化率:気温の勾配と GPS の感度03代入で求まる極限、0/0、片側極限04連続性とは二つの数の比較:跳躍不連続点と除去可能な不連続点05無限大に発散する不連続点:1/x とその導関数06微分可能なら連続:一行で終わる証明と、0 でわらない理由問題セット0/10問題セット20/10
01二種類の微分公式:和の微分とサインの導関数02コサインの導関数と、ゼロでの二つの極限03弓と弦:一枚の図で証明する二つの三角関数の極限04どちらが速く縮むか:三角関数の微分がラジアンでしか成り立たない理由05サインは高さ:小さな直角三角形で読むサインの導関数06九十度の回転で証明を完成:積の微分法と商の微分法問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Proving the Product Rule: Change One Factor at a Time02The Quotient Rule, and the Power Rule for Negative Exponents03The Chain Rule: Differentiating a Function of a Function04Higher Derivatives: The Sine Cycle and Three Notations05The nth Derivative of xⁿ Is n Factorial, by Induction問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/2
01The Power Rule for Rational Exponents02The Slope of a Circle, Two Ways03Implicit Differentiation of a Quartic Curve04Inverse Functions and the Reflection Across y = x05Derivatives of the Arctangent and Arcsine問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01The Derivative of aˣ and the Mystery Number M(a)02Defining e by Slope One, and the Derivative of ln x03M(a) = ln a: Differentiating aˣ and xˣ04Why (1 + 1/n)ⁿ Approaches e問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
微分の応用
01Linear Approximation: A Curve Is Its Tangent Line02Five Linear Approximations at Zero03Combining Approximations, from Algebra to GPS Clocks04Quadratic Approximation: The Best-Fit Parabola問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Linear Approximation as a Proportionality Rule02Quadratic Approximation: Why the ½, and Products03Curve Sketching: The Sign of f′ and Critical Points04Curve Sketching: Ends, Concavity and Inflection問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Sketching Without Critical Points: (x+1)/(x+2)02A Five-Step Curve-Sketching Scheme, Applied to x / ln x03x / ln x: Inflection Point and Where Max and Min Can Occur問題セット0/10問題セット20/10
01Two Squares From One Wire: The Critical Point Gives the Least Area02The Open Box of Fixed Volume: Least Material When x = 2y03Related Rates: The Police Radar and the Conical Tank問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/4
01The Hanging Ring: Why the String Makes Equal Angles02Newton's Method: Tangent Lines That Find the Square Root of Five03Why Newton's Method Doubles Its Digits, and How It Fails04The Mean Value Theorem: Somewhere You Hit Your Average Speed05Positive Derivative Means Increasing: Proving eˣ Exceeds 1 + x問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/2
積分
01Differentials: dy = f′(x) dx and the Cube Root of 64.102Antiderivatives Differ Only by a Constant03Integration by Substitution and Advanced Guessing問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Separation of Variables: dy/dx = −xy and the Bell Curve02General Solutions: Signs, Constants and Initial Conditions03Orthogonal Trajectories: Parabolas and Crossing Ellipses問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01The Definite Integral: Area as a Limit of Rectangle Sums02Area Under y = x²: Squeezing the Sum of Squares03Sigma Notation and the Area Pattern: b, b²/2, b³/304Riemann Sums: the Definite Integral and a Year of Loans問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: Area in One Line02Net Change and Signed Area: Integrating Velocity03Six Rules for Definite Integrals and Bounds on eᵇ04Substitution in Definite Integrals: Change the Limits問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Average Rate Times Time: FTC Beats the Mean Value Theorem02Second Fundamental Theorem: Differentiate an Integral03Proving FTC1 and FTC2 with the Mean Value Theorem問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/2
積分の応用
01The Natural Log Defined as an Area Under 1/t02Functions With No Formula: erf, Fresnel and Li(x)03Setting Up the Area Between Two Curves04Vertical vs Horizontal Slices: One Region, Two Integrals問題セット0/10問題セット20/10
01The Disk Method: Volume of a Ball and a Spherical Cap02The Shell Method: Volume of a Parabolic Cauldron03Units Matter: Why y = x² Is Not Scale-Invariant問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/1
01Average Value: Two Heights of a Semicircle02Weighted Averages: The Cauldron's Average Temperature03Probability as a Weighted Average: Part over Whole問題セット0/10問題セット20/10MIT 問題セット0/2

このページは日本語版を準備中です

Probability as a Weighted Average: Part over Whole

How does a probability become a weighted average, and why is P(x > 1/2) under the arch y = 1 − x² only 5/32 rather than 1/4?

日本語版の動画は準備中です(英語版を表示しています)


読み込み中…

←前へ Weighted Averages: The Cauldron's Average Temperature

まとめノート

    1. 1

      Probability chosen by area

      Define probability as part over whole and compute P(x>12)=5/244/3=532P(x > \frac12) = \frac{5/24}{4/3} = \frac{5}{32}P(x>21​)=4/35/24​=325​ for the region under y=1−x2y = 1 - x^2y=1−x2, checking it against 14\frac1441​.

    2. 2

      The curve's height as the weight

      Identify w(x)=1−x2w(x) = 1 - x^2w(x)=1−x2 as the weight and redo the same interval with w=1w = 1w=1 to get exactly 14\frac1441​.

    3. 3

      General formula P(x1<x<x2)P(x_1 < x < x_2)P(x1​<x<x2​)

      Write ∫x1x2w dx∫abw dx\frac{\int_{x_1}^{x_2} w\,dx}{\int_a^b w\,dx}∫ab​wdx∫x1​x2​​wdx​ with w≥0w \ge 0w≥0, show it is the weighted average of a function equal to 111 on [x1,x2][x_1, x_2][x1​,x2​] and 000 elsewhere, and state that it always lies in [0,1][0, 1][0,1].

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